Applying for an Employment Authorization Document (EAD) can feel like one more hurdle in a long immigration process. Whether you're on a path to a green card, asylum status, or another immigration category that lets you work in the U.S., getting your EAD is a crucial step. And like most things involving paperwork and government processes, there are fees, documents, and requirements you need to know.

This guide breaks it all down—without the jargon. Let’s talk about what an EAD is, how much it costs, what you need to apply for, and common mistakes to avoid.

First, What Is an EAD?

The Employment Authorization Document (EAD) is basically your legal permission to work in the United States if you’re not already a U.S. citizen or green card holder.

It’s issued by U.S. Citizenship and Immigration Services (USCIS) and looks like a plastic ID card. The EAD is also sometimes called a “work permit.”

People who typically apply for an EAD include:

• Adjustment of status applicants (green card)
• DACA recipients
• Asylum seekers
• Certain spouses of visa holders (like H-4 or L-2)
• TPS (Temporary Protected Status) holders
• F-1 students under OPT or CPT

If you fall into any of these categories, you probably need an EAD before you can legally work.

How Much Does It Cost to Apply for an EAD?

The standard fee to apply for an initial EAD is $410.

But, there are some situations where additional fees apply or where you might not have to pay at all:

Biometric Fee (Sometimes Required)

Some applicants, like those applying for DACA or asylum-based EADs, also need to pay a $85 biometric services fee, bringing the total to $495.

Fee Waivers

You may qualify for a fee waiver if you can show financial hardship. To apply for a waiver, you’ll need to file Form I-912 (Request for Fee Waiver) along with your EAD application.

No Fee for Some Categories

If you're applying for an EAD as part of a green card (adjustment of status) application, and you’ve already paid the I-485 filing fee, the EAD fee is typically waived.

Bottom line? Fees can vary depending on your immigration status. Always double-check the USCIS fee schedule or use the USCIS Fee Calculator on their site before sending your application.

Which Form Do You File to Apply for an EAD?

To apply for an EAD, you’ll need to file Form I-765, officially known as the “Application for Employment Authorization.”

This form asks for basic information about you, your immigration status, and the eligibility category under which you’re applying.

USCIS has a list of eligibility categories with codes like (c)(9), (c)(3)(C), (a)(5), and so on. You’ll need to find the one that matches your situation. It’s a little technical, but your immigration attorney—or some careful reading of USCIS instructions—can help you nail it down.

Required Documents for EAD Application

Here's what most people need to include with their Form I-765:

1. Completed Form I-765

This is the main form, and it must be signed and dated.

2. Filing Fee or Fee Waiver

Include a check or money order payable to “U.S. Department of Homeland Security,” or proof of fee waiver (Form I-912 + supporting docs).

3. Proof of Eligibility

This depends on your category. Examples:

• I-485 receipt if you’re adjusting status
• Asylum approval notice
• I-20 with CPT/OPT endorsement for F-1 students
• Marriage certificate and spouse’s visa info for H-4/L-2 applicants

4. Government-Issued ID

If you’ve never had an EAD before, include a copy of a government-issued ID. This could be:

• Passport bio page
• Visa stamp
• Birth certificate with photo ID

5. Two Passport-Sized Photos

USCIS has very specific photo rules. They must be 2x2 inches, taken within the last 30 days, with a white background. Lightly print your name and A-number (if any) on the back.

6. Previous EAD (if applicable)

If you’re renewing or replacing an EAD, include a copy of your old one.

Where Do You Send Your EAD Application?

That depends on your eligibility category and where you live. USCIS has multiple lockbox addresses (in places like Chicago, Phoenix, or Dallas), and it’s important to send your application to the right one.

USCIS provides a mailing address chart on its I-765 instructions page. Always check this before mailing your application.

Or File Online

Some categories now allow you to file Form I-765 online through your USCIS account. This can speed up processing and make tracking easier.

EAD Processing Time

The wait time varies by category and workload, but here’s a general idea:

• Green card applicants: 3–6 months
• Asylum applicants: Up to 6 months (but can apply 150 days after filing for asylum)
• OPT for F-1 students: Usually around 2–3 months
• DACA renewals: Typically within 2–5 months

You can check current processing times for your service center on the USCIS website.

Heads up: Don’t work until you have the EAD card in hand. Even if your application is pending, working without authorization can mess up your immigration status.

EAD Renewal or Replacement

EADs typically last one or two years, depending on your immigration status. If your EAD is expiring soon, start the renewal process about 180 days before the expiration date.

To renew, you file Form I-765 again with updated documents. Some categories allow for automatic extensions of up to 540 days if you apply before your current EAD expires. (USCIS has a list of which categories qualify.)

If your card is lost, stolen, or damaged, you can file a replacement EAD application using the same form.

Common Mistakes to Avoid

Let’s keep you out of trouble. Here are a few pitfalls people run into:

• Sending the wrong fee: Use the fee calculator. Don’t assume.
• Wrong eligibility category: Double-check USCIS’s code list. An error here can delay or deny your application.
• Forgetting to sign the form: Seems obvious, but people do it. USCIS will reject unsigned applications.
• Using outdated forms: Always download the latest version from the USCIS site.
• Incorrect photo specs: Passport photos that don’t meet USCIS standards can get your application rejected.

Final Tips for a Smoother EAD Application

• Track your case: Use your USCIS receipt number to check status online.
• Make copies of everything: Keep a full copy of your application, fee receipt, and photos for your records.
• Consider expedited processing: It’s rare, but possible in emergencies (job offers, financial hardship, etc.). You’ll need to call USCIS or submit a formal request.
• Use certified mail: If you’re mailing your application, use tracking so you know it was delivered.

In a Nutshell

Here’s a quick recap of what you need to apply for an EAD:

• Form I-765
• Filing fee (usually $410, sometimes $495 with biometrics)
• Supporting documents (proof of eligibility, ID, photos)
• Mail it to the right USCIS address or file online

Processing takes a few months, so don’t wait until the last minute—especially if your current EAD is about to expire. And if you’re not sure which category you fall under or how to gather the right paperwork, talking to an immigration attorney can help avoid costly delays.

Have More Questions?

Applying for an EAD isn’t the most exciting part of your immigration journey, but it’s one of the most important if you plan to work legally in the U.S. If you’re feeling overwhelmed or unsure where to start, bookmark this guide or share it with someone who needs it.

And if you're currently applying for a green card, navigating DACA renewals, or figuring out your OPT timeline, stay organized and stay on top of deadlines. The system might not always be fast, but with the right info, you can make it through without surprises.