Being a U.S. citizen is more than just having a passport with an eagle on it. It comes with a unique set of rights, responsibilities, and benefits that shape your daily life, your role in society, and even how the government protects and serves you. But what exactly does it mean to be a U.S. citizen? Let’s break it down in simple terms.

What Defines a U.S. Citizen?

A U.S. citizen is someone who is legally recognized as a member of the United States. Citizenship can be acquired in a few ways:

• By Birth – If you were born in the United States or in U.S. territories, you are automatically a citizen.
• Through Naturalization – If you immigrated to the U.S. and met the eligibility requirements, you can apply to become a citizen.
• Through Parents (Derivation or Acquisition) – If one or both of your parents are U.S. citizens at the time of your birth, you may be granted citizenship even if you were born abroad.

Now that we understand what makes someone a U.S. citizen, let’s dive into the rights, responsibilities, and benefits that come with it.

Rights of a U.S. Citizen

One of the biggest perks of being a U.S. citizen is having rights that protect you and allow you to participate fully in the country’s political and social landscape. Here are some of the most important rights:

1. The Right to Vote 

As a U.S. citizen, you have the right to vote in federal elections, including for the President, Congress, and other public offices. This is one of the most powerful ways to have your voice heard and influence the country’s future.

2. Freedom of Speech & Expression 

Citizens can express their opinions without fear of government punishment. Whether it’s through protests, social media, or journalism, the First Amendment ensures your right to free speech.

3. Right to a U.S. Passport & Consular Protection 

A U.S. passport is one of the most powerful travel documents in the world, allowing visa-free or visa-on-arrival access to many countries. Additionally, if you find yourself in trouble abroad, the U.S. government provides consular protection through embassies and consulates.

4. Right to Work & Live in the U.S. Without Restrictions 

Unlike green card holders or visa holders, U.S. citizens don’t have to worry about work restrictions, visa renewals, or deportation. They can live and work anywhere in the country indefinitely.

5. Right to Bring Family Members to the U.S. 

Citizens can sponsor relatives for family-based green cards, making it easier for parents, children, and siblings to immigrate to the U.S.

6. Right to Run for Public Office 

Certain government positions, including the Presidency, are reserved only for natural-born U.S. citizens. However, naturalized citizens can run for Congress, state offices, and local government positions.

Responsibilities of a U.S. Citizen

With great rights come great responsibilities! Being a U.S. citizen means playing an active role in your community and country. Here’s what’s expected of you:

1. Obeying the Law 

Following federal, state, and local laws is a fundamental duty of all citizens. This ensures order, safety, and fairness in society.

2. Serving on a Jury When Called 

Jury duty is an essential civic duty. When summoned, you must serve on a jury to ensure the judicial system operates fairly.

3. Paying Taxes 

U.S. citizens must file and pay taxes to the federal government and, in most cases, to state and local governments. These taxes fund essential services such as education, defense, and infrastructure.

4. Defending the Country if Needed 🇺🇸

While there is no active draft, all males aged 18-25 must register for Selective Service, which could be used in a national emergency.

5. Participating in Democracy 

Beyond voting, citizens should stay informed, engage in debates, and hold leaders accountable to ensure a healthy democracy.

Benefits of U.S. Citizenship

Beyond rights and responsibilities, U.S. citizenship comes with some amazing benefits that make it highly desirable.

1. No Risk of Deportation 

Unlike green card holders, U.S. citizens cannot be deported or lose their legal status.

2. Access to Federal Jobs & Grants 

Some government jobs and federal financial aid programs are only available to U.S. citizens, providing more opportunities for career and educational growth.

3. Social Security & Medicare Benefits 

Citizens who work and contribute to Social Security and Medicare gain access to retirement, disability, and healthcare benefits.

4. Easier Travel & Dual Citizenship 

Many countries allow dual citizenship, meaning you can hold another nationality while enjoying the perks of being a U.S. citizen.

5. Ability to Pass Citizenship to Children 

Children born to U.S. citizens abroad can often acquire citizenship automatically, avoiding immigration hurdles.

How to Become a U.S. Citizen

If you weren’t born a U.S. citizen, the naturalization process is your path to citizenship. Here’s how it works:

1. Meet the Eligibility Requirements

You must: 
✔ Have a green card (permanent residency) for at least 5 years (or 3 years if married to a U.S. citizen). 
✔ Be physically present in the U.S. for most of that time. 
✔ Be of good moral character (no major criminal history).

2. Submit Form N-400 

The N-400 Application for Naturalization is filed with USCIS (United States Citizenship and Immigration Services).

3. Pass the Citizenship Test & Interview 🏛️

Applicants must: 
✔ Answer civics questions about U.S. history and government. 
✔ Demonstrate English proficiency (unless exempt). 
✔ Take an oath of allegiance to the U.S.

Once approved, you’ll receive your Certificate of Naturalization, officially making you a U.S. citizen!

FAQs

1. Can I lose my US citizenship?

Yes, in rare cases such as committing treason or voluntarily renouncing citizenship.

2. Can a US citizen have dual citizenship?

Yes, the US recognizes dual citizenship, but some countries require renunciation of previous citizenships.

3. What is the fastest way to become a US citizen?

Expedited naturalization is available for military members and spouses of US citizens.

4. Do US citizens have to pay taxes if they live abroad?

Yes, US citizens must file federal taxes even if living abroad, though tax treaties may reduce liabilities.

5. Can I apply for US citizenship if my Green Card is expired?

No, your Green Card must be valid when applying for naturalization.

6. How much does it cost to apply for US citizenship?

As of 2025, the naturalization application fee is approximately $725.

Final Thoughts

Being a U.S. citizen comes with incredible freedoms, responsibilities, and advantages. Whether you were born into it or worked hard to achieve it through naturalization, citizenship is something to be proud of.

By understanding your rights, fulfilling your civic duties, and making the most of the opportunities available to you, you’re not just living in the U.S.—you’re helping shape its future.

Are you planning to apply for U.S. citizenship or want to know more? Share your questions in the comments below! 🇺🇸