A naturalized citizen is someone who was born outside the United States but has legally become a U.S. citizen through a formal legal process called naturalization. This process grants them the same rights and responsibilities as native-born citizens, with very few exceptions.

Unlike citizens who are born on American soil or to American parents, naturalized citizens must meet specific eligibility criteria, file applications, pass tests, and take an oath of allegiance to complete their journey to full citizenship.

Definition and Legal Meaning

In legal terms, a naturalized citizen is defined under the Immigration and Nationality Act (INA) as a person who voluntarily becomes a citizen of the U.S. after meeting the legal criteria. These citizens are issued a Certificate of Naturalization and are recognized as equal under the law.

Difference Between Naturalized and Native-born Citizens

While both types of citizens have similar rights, native-born citizens are constitutionally eligible to become the President of the United States—a right not extended to naturalized citizens. However, for all other federal, state, and civic engagements, they stand on equal footing.

Path to Naturalization in the U.S.

The road to becoming a U.S. citizen can be long, but it’s a rewarding journey. It generally starts with legal permanent residency and ends with taking the Oath of Allegiance.

Eligibility Requirements

To apply for naturalization, one must:

• Be at least 18 years old
• Hold a green card (legal permanent resident) for 3–5 years
• Demonstrate good moral character
• Pass the English and civics tests
• Show attachment to the U.S. Constitution

Step-by-Step Naturalization Process

1. Prepare Form N-400 (Application for Naturalization)
2. Submit fingerprints and undergo background checks
3. Attend a citizenship interview
4. Pass the English and civics tests
5. Take the Oath of Allegiance at a naturalization ceremony

The History of Naturalization Laws

The United States has a rich and evolving history when it comes to citizenship.

Evolution of U.S. Citizenship Laws

The first naturalization law was passed in 1790, initially favoring white, land-owning men. Over time, significant changes, including the 14th Amendment and the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, expanded access to people of all races and nationalities.

Key Amendments and Milestones

• 1868 – 14th Amendment grants citizenship to all persons born or naturalized in the U.S.
• 1924 – Indian Citizenship Act grants citizenship to Native Americans
• 1952 – Immigration and Nationality Act standardizes naturalization processes

Benefits of Being a Naturalized Citizen

Once naturalized, individuals enjoy a variety of benefits that profoundly impact their lives.

Voting Rights

Naturalized citizens gain the right to vote in all federal, state, and local elections—a cornerstone of democracy.

Access to Government Jobs

Many government jobs require U.S. citizenship. Naturalized citizens can access these roles, which often come with job security and excellent benefits.

Travel Flexibility and Passport Power

With a U.S. passport, naturalized citizens can travel to more than 180 countries without needing a visa and receive consular assistance abroad.

Responsibilities of a Naturalized Citizen

Citizenship comes with privileges and duties.

Jury Duty

Naturalized citizens may be called to serve on juries, a vital function in the U.S. judicial system.

Paying Taxes

Just like any other citizen, naturalized individuals must pay federal, state, and local taxes.

Upholding the Constitution

They are expected to support and defend the Constitution, including participation in civic life and promoting democratic values.

Common Misconceptions About Naturalized Citizens

Misunderstandings persist about naturalized citizens, often fueled by misinformation.

Loyalty Myths

Some believe naturalized citizens are less loyal than native-born citizens. However, their commitment is often stronger due to their journey and the formal oath they take.

Deportation Fears

While rare, naturalized citizens can lose citizenship only under extreme circumstances, like fraud during the application. Every day, mistakes or minor legal issues typically don't result in deportation.

Employment and Security Clearances

Naturalized citizens can work in most federal agencies and obtain security clearances, though some sensitive roles may be restricted to native-born citizens.

Challenges Faced During the Naturalization Process

Despite its rewards, the naturalization process can be daunting.

Language Barriers

Learning English is a hurdle for many applicants, especially older adults or those from non-English-speaking countries.

Financial Constraints

Filing fees, legal costs, and test preparations can be financially burdensome.

Complex Legal Requirements

Understanding the paperwork and navigating the legal maze often requires assistance from lawyers or nonprofit organizations.

Naturalization vs. Permanent Residency (Green Card)

Though both allow living in the U.S., naturalization offers more permanence and privileges.

Dual Citizenship and Naturalization

What’s Allowed and What’s Not

The U.S. allows dual citizenship, but not all countries do. Applicants should check their native country's policy before pursuing U.S. naturalization.

Countries with Dual Citizenship Treaties

• Canada
• United Kingdom
• Australia
• France
• Germany (with conditions)

Renunciation and Revocation of Citizenship

When and How Citizenship Can Be Lost

Naturalized citizenship can be revoked in cases of:

• Fraud during the application
• Involvement in terrorism or subversive activities

Legal and Political Implications

Revocation is rare and often followed by lengthy court procedures. It typically applies to criminal or deceptive actions during the naturalization process.

How Naturalization Affects Family Members

A naturalized citizen can petition for family reunification, helping spouses, children, and sometimes parents gain lawful status or citizenship.

Naturalized Citizens in U.S. Politics

While they cannot become President, naturalized citizens can hold other powerful offices, including Governor, Senator, and Mayor.

Citizenship Ceremonies – A Moment of Pride

These ceremonies are deeply emotional, marking the end of a long journey. Participants take the Oath of Allegiance and often celebrate with friends, family, and community leaders.

Legal Rights Protected After Naturalization

Naturalized citizens enjoy:

• Equal protection under the law
• Protection from discrimination
• Right to due process

Filing and Documentation Tips for Applicants

• Double-check all forms
• Hire reputable immigration lawyers if needed
• Attend free workshops and info sessions by nonprofits like USCIS or local immigrant aid groups

Real-Life Stories of Naturalized Citizens

From CEOs to public servants, the stories of naturalized citizens reveal resilience, hope, and success. Their contributions enrich the cultural and economic fabric of the nation.

Future of Naturalization in a Changing America

With immigration reform on the horizon, naturalization laws may evolve. Policy shifts could make the process faster or more inclusive in the years ahead.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

1. Can a naturalized citizen be deported?
Only under extreme conditions like fraud or criminal activities, during naturalization.

2. How long does the naturalization process take?
Typically 8–14 months from filing to the Oath Ceremony.

3. Can naturalized citizens bring family members to the U.S.?
Yes, they can sponsor spouses, children, and parents.

4. Do naturalized citizens have the same rights as native-born citizens?
Yes, except they cannot run for President or Vice President.

5. Is dual citizenship allowed for U.S. naturalized citizens?
Yes, but it depends on the other country’s laws.

6. What’s the cost of applying for naturalization?
As of 2025, the filing fee is approximately $760, not including legal help or extra documentation.

Conclusion

Becoming a naturalized citizen is a monumental step filled with challenges, triumphs, and transformative power. It’s a testament to resilience, determination, and the universal desire for freedom and opportunity. If you're on this path or considering it, know that your journey strengthens the very core of the American dream.